The REST Plugin in Apache Struts 2.1.1 through 2.3.x before 2.3.34 and 2.5.x before 2.5.13 uses an XStreamHandler with an instance of XStream for deserialization without any type filtering, which can lead to Remote Code Execution when deserializing XML payloads.
Why this VPI (explainable, experimental)
VPI breakdown
| Impact | 81.00 |
| Exploitation signal(KEV listed) | ×1.50 |
| VPI | 100.00 |
VPI formula vpi-v1
Required Action
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
This CVE is referenced in a KISA security bulletin (Korean only).
| Source | CVSS Version | Base Score | Severity | Vector String | Assessment Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OSV3rd | 3.1 | 8.1 | HIGH | CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H | 04/21/2026 |
| NVDNIST | 3.1 | 8.1 |
The REST Plugin in Apache Struts 2.1.1 through 2.3.x before 2.3.34 and 2.5.x before 2.5.13 uses an XStreamHandler with an instance of XStream for deserialization without any type filtering, which can lead to Remote Code Execution when deserializing XML payloads.
| CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| 04/20/2026 |
| NVDNIST | 2.0 | 6.8 | MEDIUM | AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P | 04/20/2026 |